Nona Molecular - PCR

Coronavirus Panel - Urinary Trac Infection (UTI) - Respiratory Pathogen Panels (RPP) - Women's Health - Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) - Antibiotic Resistance - Wound

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PCR TESTING

Nona Scientific Molecular

Nona Scientific is a Highly Complex Clinical Laboratory that specializes in Toxicology and Molecular testing. With innovation as a cornerstone of our company, we offer proprietary technology and constantly strive to develop the next best in class breakthrough.

Coronavirus Panel

Comprehensive panel detecting, coronavirus strains, including COVID-19.

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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Comprehensive panel detecting urinary pathogens by molecular technique.

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Respiratory Pathogen Panels (RPP)

Comprehensive panel detecting viral, bacterial & fungal pathogens causing respiratory illness.

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Women's Health

Providing OB/GYN clinicians with the latest in molecular diagnostic testing.

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Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)

Sexually Transmitted Infection testing by molecular technique.

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Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance testing by molecular technique.

Wound

Quickly manage skin and soft tissue infections, avoiding delays in diagnosis and preventing infections from progressing.

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FASTER TESTING

What is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a method to analyze a short sequence of DNA (or RNA) even in samples containing only minute quantities of DNA or RNA. PCR is used to reproduce (amplify) selected sections of DNA or RNA. Previously, amplification of DNA involved cloning the segments of interest into vectors for expression in bacteria and took weeks. But now, with PCR done in test tubes, it takes only a few hours. PCR is highly efficient in that untold numbers of copies can be made of the DNA. Moreover, PCR uses the same molecules that nature uses for copying DNA:

1.

2.

3. Primers

Two "primers", short single-stranded DNA sequences that are synthesized to correspond to the beginning and ending of the DNA stretch to be copied

Polymerase

An enzyme called polymerase that moves along the segment of DNA, reading its code and assembling a copy

DNA Blocks

A pile of DNA building blocks that the polymerase needs to make that copy

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VISUAL SIMPLICITY

How is PCR Done?

There are three major steps involved in the testing process (view animated picture of a PCR). Each step is repeated for 30 or 40 cycles. The cycles are done on an automated cycler, a device that rapidly heats and cools the test tubes containing the reaction mixture. With one cycle, a single segment of double-stranded DNA template is amplified into two separate pieces of double-stranded DNA. These two pieces are then available for amplification in the next cycle. As the cycles are repeated, more and more copies are generated, and the number of copies of the template is increased exponentially. Each step – denaturation (alteration of structure), annealing (joining), and extension – occurs at a different temperature:

DENATURATION

At 94 C (201.2 F), the double-stranded DNA melts and opens into two pieces of single-stranded DNA.

EXTENSION

At 72 C (161.6 F), the polymerase works best, and DNA building blocks complementary to the template are coupled to the primer, making a double stranded DNA molecule.

ANNEALING

At medium temperatures, around 54 C (129.2 F), the primers pair up (anneal) with the single-stranded "template" (The template is the sequence of DNA to be copied.) On the small length of double-stranded DNA (the joined primer and template), the polymerase attaches and starts copying the template.

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